Your Rights as a Tenant in the Philippines

The Rent Control Act of 2009 (Republic Act 9653) and its extensions govern the relationship between landlords and tenants in the Philippines.

Rent Increase Limits

Under the law, landlords cannot increase rent by more than 7% per year for residential units with monthly rent not exceeding PHP 10,000 in Metro Manila (and PHP 5,000 outside).

Security Deposits

Landlords may collect a maximum security deposit equivalent to two months' advance rent. This must be returned within one month after the lease ends, less any legitimate deductions for unpaid rent or damages.

Grounds for Eviction

A landlord can only evict a tenant for specific legal grounds, including: non-payment of rent for three consecutive months, subleasing without consent, violation of rental agreement terms, or the owner's need for the unit for personal use.

Due Process in Ejectment

Eviction cannot happen without proper legal proceedings. A landlord must file an ejectment case before the proper court. Self-help eviction (changing locks, removing belongings) is illegal.

What to Do if Your Rights Are Violated

You may file a complaint with the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) or the local court. Document all communications with your landlord in writing.